AJC’s State of Antisemitism in America 2025 Report: Insights and Analysis
By Alyssa Weiner Sandler, AJC Associate Director of Antisemitism Policy
American Jewish Committee’s State of Antisemitism in America 2025 Report details perceptions of and experiences with antisemitism for both American Jews and U.S. adults. Significantly, it analyzes the impact of antisemitism in the two years following the Hamas terrorist attacks on October 7, 2023.
On May 21, 2025, a lone gunman crossed state lines and murdered diplomats Sarah Milgrim and Yaron Lischinsky outside of American Jewish Committee’s “Young Diplomats Reception,” a signature AJC event that brings together young D.C.-based Jews with staffers from dozens of embassies across Washington. The attacker shouted, “Free, free Palestine,” as police escorted him from the Capital Jewish Museum where the event was held. This violent incident, and others, have contributed to a sense of fear and unease among American Jews in 2025.
AJC’s 2025 Report provides key insights into how American Jews view the depth of the issue of antisemitism and have correspondingly adjusted their behaviors in the years following the October 7, 2023 attacks. It also delves into awareness of and exposure to antisemitism among U.S. adults. Taken together, the report provides a comprehensive view of the reach and impact of antisemitism as part of a continuous and often-worsening trend.
The vast majority of American Jews feel less safe due to violent antisemitic incidents in America in 2025. Most American Jews believe that, since October 7, antisemitism has increased in the United States and that Jews are less secure than the previous year. About one in three were the personal target of antisemitism, and over half of American Jews changed their behavior in at least one way out of fear of antisemitism. Among the U.S. general public, there is overall awareness of antisemitism as a problem, while over four in 10 has personally seen or heard antisemitism in 2025.
AJC, the global advocacy organization for the Jewish people, first published an antisemitism-focused survey of American Jews on October 27, 2019, one year after the Tree of Life synagogue massacre in Pittsburgh. In 2020, AJC began a parallel survey of the general U.S. adult population. Every year since, AJC has collected data on how antisemitism in America affects the every-day lives of American Jews and compares these findings with how U.S. adults perceive and witness antisemitism in America.
The 2025 Survey of American Jews and its companion Survey of U.S. Adults, conducted by the research firm SSRS, launched in October 2025. Please find the methodology report here. While the Jewish community does not speak with one voice and has different experiences and opinions across age, religious denomination, and among other factors, the survey results show how the Jewish community is still navigating a post-October 7 world.
The deadly attack at the Capital Jewish Museum was just one in a wave of violent and persistent attacks against Jews across America in 2025, including:
These incidents are by no means exhaustive but point to a truly troubling pattern of consistent attacks for a community that makes up only 2.5% of the U.S. population.
In addition to murder charges, the man who gunned down Sarah and Yaron was indicted on federal hate crime charges, adding detail to the grim reality that American Jews are the target of most religious-bias crimes and one in six overall hate crimes in America.1
In The Two Years Since October 7, An Overwhelming Number Of American Jews Feel Less Safe
Rising antisemitism in 2025 has had a deep impact on the American Jewish community’s feelings of safety and security. Fully 91% of American Jews say that violent antisemitism in 2025—including the burning of a Jewish governor’s home, the firebombing of Jews in Boulder, CO, and the murders at the Capital Jewish Museum—made them feel less safe as a Jewish person in the U.S. In addition, almost eight in 10 American Jews (78%) say they feel less safe as a Jewish person in America because of the October 7 terrorist attacks in Israel and the subsequent war.
Orthodox Jews in America are more likely than other Jewish denominations and secular Jews to say the Hamas attacks have made them feel a great deal less safe (30% vs 16% and 12%, respectively).
While AJC’s Survey of American Jews regularly asks respondents their perceptions about antisemitism, the 2025 Report finds that the vast majority (86%) say antisemitism in America has increased since the October 7, 2023 Hamas terrorist attacks on Israel, and half (50%) say antisemitism has increased “a lot.”
The 2025 Report asks American Jews to consider the phrase, “Globalize the Intifada,” and how it impacts their personal feeling of safety. “Globalize the Intifada” is a phrase used by pro-Palestinian activists that calls for aggressive resistance against Israel and those who support Israel. As the most common manifestations of intifada are characterized by violence, it is understood by most American Jews as encouraging violence against Jews, Israelis, and their supporters. Indeed, the vast majority of U.S. Jews (88%) express that seeing or hearing “Globalize the Intifada” would make them feel unsafe as a Jewish person in the U.S. to some degree – ranging from “not too unsafe” (19%) to “somewhat unsafe” (42%) to “very unsafe” (27%). By comparison, just 12% of U.S. Jews say the phrase would not make them feel unsafe at all.
In the 2025 Survey of U.S. adults, Americans were asked about their familiarity with three Palestinian protest chants in the last 12 months: “Globalize the Intifada,” “Free Palestine,” and “From the River to the Sea, Palestine Will be Free.” While only a small percentage (13%) say they have heard “Globalize the Intifada,” a larger share say they have heard, “From the River to the Sea, Palestine Will be Free” (32%) and “Free Palestine” (73%). Of U.S. adults who say they have seen or heard any of these three protest chants in the last year, over six in 10 say they have heard them connected with antisemitic incidents.
American Jews Continue to Experience Antisemitism at High Levels, But Reporting Remains Low
AJC’s State of Antisemitism in America 2025 Reportasks respondents, both Jewish and non-Jewish, their perceptions of and experiences with antisemitism. Both provide important insight into the scope of the problem.
In the 2025 Survey of American Jews, respondents were asked whether antisemitism is a problem in the U.S. today. 93% of American Jews agree that antisemitism is a problem, with close to half (46%) saying it is a very serious problem. The number who say it’s a “very serious problem” declined from 2024 to 2025 (54% in 2024 vs 46% in 2025), though 2025 numbers are similar to 2022, before the October 7 terrorist attacks. American Jews who identify with a Jewish religious denomination (i.e., Orthodox, Conservative, Reform) are more likely than those who identify as secular or cultural Jews to describe antisemitism in the U.S. today as a very serious problem (58% vs 42%), similar to 2024 numbers.
About two in three American Jews (66%) say Jews in the United States are less secure in 2025 than the year prior. Over a quarter of respondents (27%) say this insecurity was due to the current/ongoing war2 between Israel and Hamas, while another quarter (25%) say it is due to the rise in antisemitic attacks, crimes, and/or violence. Another one in five (18%) say it is because of an increase in lies, propaganda, and/or stereotypes about Jews, and a general rise in antisemitism.
The percentage who says they feel less secure marks a decline from 2024, when 73% of American Jews said Jews in America were less secure. The difference in responses can be found in the number who said that Jews are “about as secure” as a year ago (31% in 2025 vs 25% in 2024), reflecting that the heightened antisemitism American Jews experienced in 2024 is still present today. The 2025 percentage who feel less secure (66%) is still higher than any other year aside from 2024, detailing the extent of feelings of insecurity by American Jews since October 7, 2023.
AJC’s Survey of American Jews asks respondents to consider personal experiences with antisemitism. Roughly three in 10 American Jews (31%) say they were the personal target of antisemitism in 2025:
3% were the target of a physical antisemitic attack in person;
21% were the target of an antisemitic remark in person;
5% were the target of antisemitic vandalism to, or messaging left on, their personal property;
21% were the target of an antisemitic remark or post online or through social media; and
5% were the target of antisemitism not already asked about
“I have personally experienced someone try to inflict a severe physical injury on me just by walking down the street…I am not the only person I know in my religious community [who] has experienced this.” -32-year-old male, Midwest
Younger Jewish adults (ages 18-29) are more likely than those who are 30 and older to say they have been the target of antisemitism in the ways asked about at least once in the past 12 months (47% vs 28%). More than four in 10 American Jews (46%) affiliated with a Jewish religious denomination say they have been the target of antisemitism in the past year at least once, compared with 26% of those who identify as secular or culturally Jewish who say the same.
Despite the high number of American Jews who personally experience antisemitism in 2025, over three in four American Jews (77%) say they did not report the antisemitism they experienced. While the 2025 Survey of American Jews did not ask respondents why they neglected to report, comparable data from AJC’s 2024 Report showed that more than half of Jewish adults (54%) who experienced antisemitism said they didn’t think anything would be done by reporting, and another 44% said they didn’t think the experience was serious enough to report.
The reporting process is impeded by challenges that are both cultural and structural. While there might be a sense of resignation as to why American Jews will not report antisemitism — whether to federal agencies, law enforcement, or online platforms—reporting by law enforcement to national databases such as the National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) remains optional and lacks transparency. Reporting of bias crimes to law enforcement, that are disaggregated by ethnicity, religious, national origin, and other categories, should be mandated. The vast majority of Americans, both Jewish and non-Jewish, agree: in AJC’s 2024 Report, 93% of American Jews and 89% of U.S. adults say it is important that law enforcement be required to report hate crimes to a federal government database.
American Jews also experienced and witnessed antisemitism in aspects of their daily lives. Over one in four American Jews (28%) say the Jewish institutions with which they are affiliated—include synagogues, Jewish schools, JCCs, Jewish Federations, or any other organizations—were the target of antisemitism in the past five years, including antisemitic threats (18%), graffiti (16%), and antisemitic attacks (4%). In addition, about one in four American Jews (26%) who engage with Jewish institutions say they feel at least somewhat unsafe when attending their affiliated institutions.
One quarter of American Jews (25%) say local businesses where they live were the targets of antisemitism in the past year, including graffiti, broken windows, purposeful bad reviews, or protests in front of the business. Nearly half of Orthodox Jews (49%) say a local business where they live was the target of antisemitism in the past year at least once. By comparison, 31% of Conservative Jews, 23% of Reform Jews, and 23% of secular Jews say this has happened.
American Jewish Views on their Safety and Security
For the second year in a row, more than half of American Jews (55%) changed their behavior in at least one of three ways asked about out of fear of antisemitism:
41% avoided publicly wearing, carrying, or displaying things that might identify them as a Jew;
39% avoided posting content online that would identify them as a Jew or reveal their views on Jewish issues; and
30% avoided certain places, events or situations out of concern for their safety or comfort as a Jewish person
This marks a sharp increase from 46% 2023 and 38% in 2022 who said the same.
“I don’t feel safe walking into a temple . When I do there are guards by the front door. I took off my Jewish Star necklace. I don’t feel safe wearing it in public.” - 51-year-old female, Midwest
Jews who have personally been a target of antisemitism are far more likely to say they have avoided at least one of these behaviors than those who have not been targeted (80% vs 44%). In particular, those who have been a target are more likely to avoid publicly wearing something that might identify them as Jewish (59% vs 32%), going certain places (59% vs 19%), or posting content online (54% vs 30%). While there are no significant differences between different Jewish religious denominations, one exception stands out: roughly six in 10 Orthodox Jews (59%) say they have avoided certain places, events, or situations in the past year out of concern for their safety as a Jewish person, compared with 34% of Jewish adults who identify with other denominations, and 22% who identify as secular, who say the same.
Among American Jews who say caring about Israel is at least somewhat important to what being Jewish means to them, about six in 10 (61%) say they have avoided at least one of the three behaviors asked about, compared with 39% who say caring about Israel is less important to their Jewish identity, virtually identical to findings from 2024.
For the first time, American Jews were asked about feelings of discomfort or lack of safety in various groups or spaces in the past 12 months because of their Jewish identity. Nearly one in five American Jews (18%) say they felt uncomfortable or unsafe in a social setting, and about one in six American Jews (16%) say the same about a political setting.
“In the past, I never hesitated to tell someone that I was Jewish. Now nowadays, I have to think twice about who I say that too and think what their response will be to my information.” - 64-year-old female, South
American Jews were also asked whether, thinking ahead to the next 12 months, they worry they will be a victim of antisemitism because they are Jewish, or if they are worried a family member, such as parents, spouse, partner, or children, will be the victim of antisemitism. Over half of American Jews (53%) are worried they (40%) or their loved ones (49%) will be the victim of antisemitism in the next year.
“I have faith in humanity that my family will be safe, but I have been reluctant to tell people I am Jewish.” -33-year-old female, West
American Jewish and U.S. Adults Views on Social Media and AI
Online and on social media is by and large where American Jews experience antisemitism the most. AJC’s 2025 Report found that almost three in four American Jews (73%) say they experienced antisemitism online—either seeing or hearing it or being the personal target. Of this group, 21% say they felt physically threatened by the antisemitism they experienced online.
American Jews ages 18-29 are more likely than their older counterparts to say they have experienced antisemitism online at least once in the past 12 months (87% vs 70%). This pattern is similar to 2024 findings, when 83% of younger Jews said they had experienced antisemitism online at least once in the previous 12 months, compared with 67% of American Jews ages 30 and older who said the same.
“I have seen increasing antisemitism on social media platforms, saying that Israel should not exist, that Jews control the media and government, Jews are all evil, and other horrible things…” -19-year-old female, Midwest
And while AJC’s Report regularly asks about the social media platforms where respondents see antisemitism, 2025 saw significant increases on many mainstream social media platforms:
54% report seeing or hearing it on Facebook, a seven-point rise from 47% in 2024;
40% report seeing or hearing it on Instagram, an eight-point increase from 32% in 2024;
38% report seeing or hearing it on YouTube, an 11-point increase from 27% in 2024, and
23% report seeing or hearing it on TikTok, a five-point increase from 18% in 2024.
“Just scroll through a newsfeed on any social media platform it is riddled with antisemitic rhetoric. It’s all I hear anymore.” - 38-year-old male, Midwest
About two in three American Jews in 2025 (65%) say they did not report antisemitism to the platforms they experienced online. In AJC’s State of Antisemitism in America 2024 Report, a qualitative follow-up was asked to American Jews who experienced antisemitism but did not report it. The most common reason listed for each platform is that they didn’t think anything would be done, and that they do not typically report anything. American Jewish respondents shared that they wanted social media companies to know that there is widespread antisemitism on the platform and more should be done about antisemitism on the platforms, including better moderation and improved guidelines and terms of service.
“Antisemitism is rising, technology makes it easier to spread hate, propaganda, and media wars.” - 20-year-old female, Northeast
Online and on social media is where U.S. adults overwhelmingly see antisemitism. Over four in 10 Americans (45%) say they personally saw or heard antisemitism in the past year. Of those who did, 74% say they saw it online or on social media. U.S. adults also saw antisemitism from family or friends (20%), on the street (19%), and from a community or political leader (14%), among other places.
AJC’s 2025 Report asks important questions of American Jews about artificial intelligence and found that:
65% of American Jews are at least somewhat concerned that generative AI chatbots, such as Grok, ChatGPT, or Claude, will spread antisemitism;
69% of American Jews are at least somewhat concerned that that information and misinformation shared by generative AI chatbots, such as Grok, ChatGPT, or Claude, will lead to antisemitic incidents;
68% of American Jews user of generative AI chatbots, such as Grok, ChatGPT, or Claude, say it is at least somewhat important that AI companies explicitly cover antisemitism in the company’s terms of service and community standards; and
44% of American Jews say they at least somewhat distrust Wikipedia to provide AI chatbots with unbiased information about Jewish history or Jewish issues; 40% say they at least somewhat trust Wikipedia in this regard.
Younger American Jews view AI and its impact differently from older American Jews: American Jews ages 18-29 are more likely than American Jews ages 30 and over to say they are not too or not at all concerned about AI chatbots spreading antisemitism (41% vs 27%). Additionally, American Jews who experienced antisemitism online have greater concern about AI chatbots spreading antisemitism than those who did not experience antisemitism online (70% vs 51%).
Young American Jews Experience Antisemitism Differently Than Their Older Counterparts
AJC’s 2025 Report shows how American Jews ages 18-29 experience antisemitism differently than those ages 30 and over:
Younger Jewish adults are more likely than those who are 30 and older to say they have been the target of antisemitism in the ways asked about at least once in the past 12 months (47% vs 28%).
Young American Jews are more likely than Jews age 30 and over to say they avoided certain places, events, or situations in the past 12 months out of fear of antisemitism (38% vs 28%).
Younger Jews are more likely than those age 30 and older to say they have experienced antisemitism online at least once in the past 12 months (87% vs 70%).
Young American Jews who experienced antisemitism online are more likely than American Jews age 30 and over to say they felt physically threatened by the antisemitism they saw there (34% vs 18%).
Younger Jews are more likely than their older peers to say they are not too or not at all concerned about AI chatbots spreading antisemitism (41% vs 27%).
Young American Jews are more likely than Jews age 30 and older to say they are not too or not at all concerned that misinformation shared by about AI chatbots will lead to antisemitic incidents (34% vs 24%).
Young American Jews are more likely than their older counterparts to say they have considered leaving the United States in the last five years to move to another country due to antisemitism (23% vs 16%).
Young American Jews say their local businesses have been the targets of antisemitism in the past five years at a higher rate than older American Jews (39% vs 23%).
AJC’s 2025 Report features a series of questions for current or recent American Jewish college students3 about their perceptions of and experiences with antisemitism on campus.
Over four in 10 current or recent American Jewish college students (42%) say they have experienced antisemitism during their time on campus.
One in four American Jewish college students (25%) say they have felt excluded from a group or event because they are Jewish.
Almost four in 10 American Jewish college students (38%) say they have avoided expressing their views on Israel on campus with classmates because of fears of antisemitism.
American Jewish college students who experienced antisemitism on campus are more likely to change their behavior in at least one way out of fear of antisemitism (82% vs 41% of students who did not experience antisemitism on campus).
Avoid certain places, events, and situations out of fear of antisemitism (59% vs 16% who did not experience antisemitism on campus)
Avoid posting content online that would identify them as Jewish or reveal their view on Jewish issues (68% vs 32% who did not experience antisemitism on campus)
American Jewish college students who experienced antisemitism are more likely to say they worry themselves or their loved ones will be the victim of antisemitism in the coming year (80% vs 31%).
AJC’s 2025 Report asks American Jews questions about Israel and its connection to one’s Jewish identity.
Over eight in 10 American Jews (83%) say the phrase, “Israel has no right to exist,” is antisemitic. American Jews age 30 and over are more likely to say the phrase is antisemitic compared with those age 18-29 (85% vs 73%).
Over three in four American Jews (77%) say caring about Israel is important to what being Jewish mean to them.
Almost seven in 10 American Jews (68%) say being Jewish is important in their life.
The 2025 Report also asks the U.S. general public questions about Israel:
About eight in 10 U.S. adults (79%) say the phrase, “Israel has no right to exist,” is antisemitic. Younger Americans ages 18-29 are less likely than older Americans over the age of 30 to say this phrase is antisemitic (66% vs 82%).
Over six in 10 U.S. adults (63%) say that antisemitism in America has increased since the October 7 terrorist attack against Israel.
About three in four U.S. adults (76%) say Hamas is a terrorist organization that works primarily in its own best interest, a slight decrease from 80% in 2024. Younger U.S. adults are less likely to identify Hamas as a terrorist organization (80% vs 56%).
Notably, almost one in 10 U.S. adults (9%) say they have asked generative artificial intelligence chatbots (AI chatbots) such as Grok, ChatGPT, or Claude for information about Israel.
AJC’s 2025 Report asks both American Jews and U.S. adults about reported media coverage of the Israel-Hamas war.
Over four in 10 American Jews (43%) say the news is biased in support of Hamas, while one in three (33%) say the news is biased in support of Israel. About a quarter (24%) say the coverage is fair.
Younger Jews are somewhat more likely than their older counterparts to say news coverage of the Israel-Hamas war is biased in support of Israel. Nearly half of Jews under age 30 (47%) say this, compared with 31% of Jewish adults age 30 and older.
Almost half of U.S. adults (49%) say they follow news about Israel. Over four in 10 (44%) say the news is biased in support of Israel, with one in four (24%) saying the news is biased against Hamas. This marks a shift in the number of U.S. adults who say media coverage is biased in favor of Israel (44% in 2025 vs 38% in 2024) and who say coverage is fair (32% in 2025 vs 39% in 2024).
U.S. adults who say they typically follow news about Israel very or somewhat closely are more likely than those who follow news about Israel less closely to deem antisemitism a very serious or somewhat of a problem in the United States (79% vs 62%).
Over four in 10 U.S. adults (45%) say they have personally seen or heard antisemitism in the past year, the highest number since this question was first introduced in 2023. Over half of U.S. adults (54%) who know someone Jewish are more likely to have seen antisemitic incidents in the past 12 months, whereas 32% of U.S. adults who do not know someone Jewish, saw antisemitism in the past year.
The vast majority (74%) of U.S. adults who say they have personally seen or heard antisemitism in the past 12 months have seen it online or on social media. Other places U.S. adults have seen or heard antisemitism are from family or friends (20%), on the street (19%), from a community or political leader (14%), on a school or college campus (13%), and in the workplace (11%).
People are less afraid about displaying their antisemitic views and more incidents seem to be occurring without consequences. - 49-year-old female, Northeast
Since 2020, AJC has surveyed the U.S. general public to gauge their understanding of and exposure to antisemitism in America. Seven in 10 U.S. adults (70%) say they have heard the term “antisemitism” and know what it means. U.S. adults who know someone Jewish are more likely than those who do not know someone Jewish to know the term antisemitism (81% vs 51%).
Seven in 10 U.S. adults (70%) says antisemitism is a problem in the United States today, with almost three in 10 (28%) saying it is a very serious problem. Knowing someone Jewish also affects viewing antisemitism as a problem. For U.S. adults who know someone who is Jewish, three-quarters (75%) say antisemitism is a problem in the U.S. today, compared with 62% of those who do not know anyone who is Jewish who say the same.
While the focus of AJC’s 2025 Report is on antisemitism, the 2024 and 2025 Surveys of American Jews and the U.S. General Public also ask questions about democracy and democratic institutions. AJC believes—and history tells us—that a society that fails to protect its Jewish community is also unable to protect its democracy.
Both American Jews and U.S. adults were asked if, compared with five years ago, they have more, less, or about the same amount of trust in the way democracy is functioning in the United States. Over seven in 10 American Jews (77%) and almost two in three U.S. adults (64%) say they have less trust in the way democracy is functioning in America. For American Jews, this number is an increase from 72% in 2024 who said they have less trust in the way democracy is functioning.
AJC’s Survey of American Jews regularly asks respondents about their approval of how elected officials on all levels—state and local government, Congress, and the Presidential Administration—respond to antisemitism in the Unites States. In 2025, about one in five respondents (19%) say they approve at least somewhat of Congress’s response, a noticeable decline from 2023 when 26% of Jewish respondents said the same. About one in three American Jews (31%) say they approve of President Trump’s response, while over four in 10 (41%) say they approve of their state and local government, another noticeable decline from 2023 when 47% of Jewish respondents said the same.
American Jews were also asked about the importance of the U.S. government to create a designated role for an official to focus on countering antisemitism in the United States, akin to such positions in Germany, the Netherlands, Argentina, and other countries. About two-thirds of American Jews (66%) say it is important that the United States creates such a role.
A Path Forward: How to Best Address Antisemitism in America
While the challenges in countering antisemitism abound, so too are opportunities to engage and educate both beyond and within the Jewish community.
Whole-of-society Approach To Countering Antisemitism. AJC’s 2023 and 2024 Reports found that over nine in 10 Americans, Jewish and non-Jewish, agree that antisemitism affects society as a whole and everyone is responsible for combating it. The same surveys also found that nine in 10 American Jews and U.S. adults agree that it is important for Jewish communities and other religious and ethnic communities to increase cooperation with each other.
AJC advocates for a whole-of-society approach to countering antisemitism through its Call to Action Against Antisemitism in America. The Call to Action provides policy prescriptions to address antisemitism for eleven sectors of society: Executive Branch, Congress, Local/State Government, Law Enforcement, Media, Social Media, Gaming, and AI Companies, Private Sector, Educational Institutions, Intergroup and Interreligious Partners, Influencers, and Jewish Communities.
Empowering educators and administrators with the tools they need to create and sustain an environment that addresses antisemitism comprehensively is also vital to countering this hatred. AJC’s Center for Education Advocacy equips Jewish students, administrators and faculty, Jewish employee resource groups (ERGs) and other educational bodies with the resources they need to deepen understanding of Jews and antisemitism.
Report Antisemitism. AJC’s 2025 Report found that only a small number of American Jews and U.S. adults report the antisemitism they see or experience: only about one in four American Jews (23%) reported the antisemitism for which they were the personal target, while just over one in five U.S. adults (21%) say they reported or spoke out against the antisemitism they personally saw or heard. Resources should be invested into educating communities about how to report to law enforcement—ideally, to a police liaison officer who has built trust and direct lines of communication with the Jewish community.
Consistently reporting the antisemitism one sees or experiences is essential, and the only way that policymakers, law enforcement, social media companies, and others can address and respond to antisemitism effectively. AJC publishes guidance for Reporting Antisemitism to various entities, including law enforcement and social media companies.
Related, federal policies to address hate crimes are directly informed by the data collected and shared by local and state law enforcement agencies. It is vital for hate crime data to be collected to a central database. This sentiment is supported by the Jewish community: AJC’s 2024 Report found that over seven in 10 American Jews (72%) say it is important that law enforcement be required to report hate crimes to a federal government database.
Antisemitism on the far-right manifests in a few key ways:
Through white supremacy and neo-Nazism, which views Jews as racially inferior and masterminds behind efforts to destabilize the white race. These tropes have spread online, especially through coded words, memes, and symbols such as “Pepe the frog,” and “cosmopolitan elite.”
In this context, it is vital for policymakers and societal leaders to fully condemn these conspiracy theories that have led to real-world violence and death for Jews in America, especially among public figures. Normalization happens when incidents of antisemitism fail to be condemned.
Antisemitism on the far-left manifests in a few key ways:
Antisemitic conspiracy theories on the far-left center on global conspiracies of Jewish power, control, greed, and manipulation, positing that Jews are all wealthy and powerful, despite the historic discrimination Jews have faced in America and the current and frequent attacks against visibly Jewish people and businesses across the country.
While Zionism refers to support for the continued existence of Israel, in the face of regular calls for its destruction or dissolution, anti-Zionism — the belief that the Jewish people do not have the right to a national home in their ancestral homeland (e.g. that the State of Israel should not exist) — is often a mask for antisemitism. Referring to Zionism and Judaism interchangeably blames Jewish people for the actions and policies of the State of Israel and furthers conspiracy theories about control and world domination.
Addressing far-left antisemitism requires confronting and condemning conspiratorial thinking about both Jews and Israel. Phrases like “Globalize the Intifada,” are known to be linked to real-life antisemitic incidents. Leaders should condemn such phrases, especially when used to harass, intimidate, or threaten the Jewish community.
Antisemitism via terror networks, including extremism in the name of Islam, manifests in a few key ways:
Extremist networks inspired by groups like Hamas, Hezbollah, and the Islamic Republic of Iran and its affiliated groups export antisemitic conspiracy theories and commit and support attacks on Jews and Israel. Once relegated to the dark corners of the internet, support for such groups, using symbols like the upside-down red triangle of Hamas, have entered mainstream platforms and real-life protests, normalizing violent attitudes and actions toward Jews.
Policymakers, diplomats, and leaders in all societal sectors should unequivocally condemn antisemitism by terror networks, many of which are funded by Iran, a state with which many Western countries maintain diplomatic relations. Raising awareness about the role Hamas has played in the October 7, 2023, terrorist attack on Israel, the deadliest day for the Jewish community since the Holocaust, and condemning extremist rhetoric that, in dehumanizing Israel, threatens Jewish people, is an essential response.
Antisemitism Online Should Be Addressed Comprehensively. Social media and AI companies should provide transparency about social media moderation and the source materials with which AI models are trained and take steps to prevent the amplification of antisemitic and violent content targeting Jewish people. Specifically, social media companies should: train AI models in all languages to identify antisemitism, including contemporary terms, tropes, and coded expressions; explicitly cover antisemitism in their terms of service and community standards; ban Holocaust denial and distortion, and denial of the October 7th Hamas attacks; train moderators and improve reporting tools so antisemitism is recognized and addressed quickly; and invest in technology and human oversight to detect and remove antisemitic content at scale.
Congress can and should take action to hold platforms accountable and require transparency. The Senate’s bipartisan Platform Accountability and Transparency Act (S.3292) and the House of Representatives’ bipartisan Resolution Condemning Antisemitic Content on AI Platforms (H.Res.963), should garner widespread support and be signed into law.
The data from AJC’s 2025 Report provides clear insights into the lived experiences and deep-rooted insecurities that American Jews feel in the various aspects of their lives. Since the FBI began collecting hate crime data in the early 1990s, anti-Jewish bias crimes have by and large been the highest share of religious bias crimes recorded.4 In light of this, and of heightened anecdotal evidence of frequent antisemitic incidents in America, including physical and violent incidents, more must be done to counter antisemitism. Vital to this effort is for leaders throughout society to support the Jewish community; doing so will strengthen America’s democratic and pluralistic society.
Violent antisemitic attacks in 2025 should be a wakeup call to all societal leaders—political, cultural, and otherwise—for the need to confront antisemitism head on. Moving beyond statements of concern, leaders must stand with the Jewish community and take action to find solutions so that Jews can live, pray, and thrive without fear for their safety and wellbeing.
